Duwtar

Source: QARAQALPAQ WİKİPEDİASININ' MAG'LIWMATI

 

Duwtar (Parsısha: دوتار‎) — Orta Aziya, İran ha'm Qubla Aziyada tarqalg'an, eki tarli mu'zika a'sbabı. Atı parsı tilinen „eki tar“ ( دو duw — „eki“, تار tār — „tar“) dep awdarıladı. Biraq Xirat duwtarı on to'rt tarli boladı. Duwtar XV asr a'tiraplarında payda bolg'an.

Sog'ılıwı

Duwtar tut, erik, g'oza ag'ashlarınan sog'ıladı. Duwtardın' qarnı on'g'a jaqın jupqa taxtakeshtı egıp, bir-birine japıstırılıp sog'ıladı. Onın' u'stinen qappaq jawıladı ha'm tayyar bolg'an qarın da'stegıne jalg'anadi.
Targir ya'ki tar ilgek duwtardın' eki sımın ko'terip turadı. Duwtardın' da'stesı jinishke uzın boladı. Basqa tarlı a'sbaplarda a'detde metal perdeler bolsa, duwtarda da'stesıne oralg'an 15 ke jaqın jipek perde boladı. Zamanago'y duwtarlardın' perdelerı ayrım gezlerde ag'ash ya'ki su'yekten sog'ıladı.
Duwtar da'stesı su'yek, sa'dep benen bezeledı. Duwtar tarları aldınları ishekten, keyin jipekten tayarlanatug'ın edı. Zamanago'y duwtar tarları neylonnan qılınadı.

Shertıw usılları

Duwtardı tu'rlı jollar menen shertıw mu'mkin. Jekke shertıw, qos shertıw, piripirek, rez uqsag'an usıllar menen shalınadı.

Siltemeler

• Dutor, Graham Flett (inglisshe)

 

 

Source: https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duwtar Other Information: Listen to the Duwtar ,,,,, Go to Listen to the Duwtar Qaraqalpaq sazları (duwtar) see http://language.ws/turkic/qaraqalpaq_sazlar305_duwtar/ http://turkology.tk/books/i823-1

The Girjek or Spike Fiddle of Karakalpakstan

The Girjek or spike fiddle is used by Uyghurs, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Turkmens and Karakalpaks.

It is a very distinct instrument with beautful inlayed or leather covered bases it has characteristics similiar to the violin. A round-bodied spike fiddle with 3 or 4 metal strings and a short fretless a spherical resonator with a skin soundtable. Although not visible, the acoustics produced are made possible by this skin inlay soundtable within the base. The bow is made of horsehair.

The instrument is held on the knee while playing. During the 19th century the Ghirjak had two, three, four or seven strings, but by the end of the 20th century only the four-string Ghidjak was in use in Uzbekistan. The sound became stronger and diapason became wider. Other related instruments are the Girjek-alt and Girjek-prima.

In Karakalpakstan the Girjek player is called a Girjeksh. It is played both as a solo instrument and in the orchestra and is also used to accompany singers.

The origins of the girjek are not known, but the instrument is mentioned in 10th-century manuscripts which indicate that almond shells were used to construct the bridge (harak). It was depicted in 15th-century Persian miniature paintings is similar in construction to the 20th-century instrument but had a longer spike.


Source: http://nukus36.karakalpak.ru/cyberfair/girjek.html

Music Instruments of Uzbekistan The rich variety of musical instruments within Uzbekistan reflects the great diversity of musical styles performed on them. Small ensembles of mixed instruments are at the heart of the classical maqâm tradition. Characteristic instruments in such ensembles include the long-necked fretted lutes (tanbur, dutar, ud, tar, rubab, sat (setar), spike fiddle (ghijak/girjek) and the Kobooz), also present are instruments such as the side-blown flute (nai and ghadjir nai), struck zither (chang), frame drum (dayra) and a small clarinet like instrument made from reed (qoshnay). Another typical ensemble consists of long trumpets (karnai), loud oboes (surnai) and, membrane percussion instruments – (doira, chindaul and others). The kettledrums (naghora) are also an obligatory presence at festive and ceremonial occasions. In rural regions, epic singers accompany themselves on a short fretless lute (dombra), while amateur musicians play the Jew's harp (chang-kobuz) or a simple variety of the spike fiddle (kiak). Source: http://www.iberiasiatour.com/english/Music.html

KARAKALPAK EPIC HERITAGE - NEW CD

Karakalpak epic heritage CD

This CD is dedicated to the living musical heritage of the Karakalpak bards. It is the fruit of a fieldwork inventory conducted in 2010 by Frederic Leotar under the auspices of UNESCO,* in cooperation with cultural institutions from Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan. This inventory, which was conducted across Karakalpakstan, resulted in the recording of nearly 300 vocal and instrumental works.

The 22 songs on this CD were selected with the help of several well-known musicians, including Qarimbay Tinibaev, the famous baqsi, girdjek player and professor at the College of Arts in Nukus, the capital of Karakalpakstan.

1. Nama basi, G’. O’temuratov, duwtar, trad.
2. Asirim, B. Sirimbetov, voice and qobiz, trad.
3. Ga’lga’lay, O. O’tambetov, voice and duwtar (N. Nuratdinov, girdjek), trad.
4. Saltiq, G. Xamitova, voice and duwtar (I. Sabourova, girdjek), trad.
5. Begler, B. O’tepbergenov, voice and duwtar, trad.
6. Ulli ziban, J. Piyazov, voice and qobiz, trad.
7. Qoshim palwan, B. Asqarova, voice and duwtar (I. Sabourova, girdjek), trad.
8. Ken’esli ton, M. Aekeev, voice and duwtar, trad.
9. Kelte nalish, Z. Ibragimova, voice and duwtar, trad.
10. Idiris, N. Nuratdinov, voice and duwtar (G. Sultamuratov, girdjek), trad.
11. Qa’wender, M. Jumatova, voice and duwtar, trad.
12. Tolg’aw, B. Esemuratov, voice and qobiz, trad.
13. Neshe gu’ller, G. Ra’metova, voice and duwtar
14. Besperde, T. Qalliev, voice and duwtar (S. Qayipnazarov, girdjek, A. Atarbaev, balaman), trad.
15. Sa’rbinaz, G. Allambergenova, voice and duwtar (I. Sabourova, girdjek), trad.
16. Adin’nan, A. Seyilxanov, voice and duwtar, trad.
17. Sanali keldi, Z. Sheripova, voice and duwtar, trad.
18. Qu’nxoja, T. Qalliev, voice and duwtar, trad.
19. Muwsa sen yari, N. Nuratdinov, voice and duwtar (G. Sultamuratov, girdjek), trad.
20. Qa’nigu’l, G. Allambergenova, voice and duwtar (I. Sabourova, girdjek), trad.
21. Nalish, M. Jumatova, voice and duwtar, trad.
22. Aq ishik, G’. O’temuratov, duwtar, trad.

Source: See UNESCO site for more information http://www.unesco.org/new/en/tashkent/about-this-office/single-view/news/karakalpak_epic_heritage/#.UicAD-3PuP8

See promo video - Karakalpak Epic Heritage (1CD -2012) http://www.videomix.cz/video/V156UOa-8to/