Friday, October 23, 2015

DUWTAR

Duwtar

Source: QARAQALPAQ WİKİPEDİASININ' MAG'LIWMATI
 
Duwtar (Parsısha: دوتار‎) — Orta Aziya, İran ha'm Qubla Aziyada tarqalg'an, eki tarli mu'zika a'sbabı. Atı parsı tilinen „eki tar“ ( دو duw — „eki“, تار tār — „tar“) dep awdarıladı. Biraq Xirat duwtarı on to'rt tarli boladı. Duwtar XV asr a'tiraplarında payda bolg'an.

Sog'ılıwı

Duwtar tut, erik, g'oza ag'ashlarınan sog'ıladı. Duwtardın' qarnı on'g'a jaqın jupqa taxtakeshtı egıp, bir-birine japıstırılıp sog'ıladı. Onın' u'stinen qappaq jawıladı ha'm tayyar bolg'an qarın da'stegıne jalg'anadi.
Targir ya'ki tar ilgek duwtardın' eki sımın ko'terip turadı. Duwtardın' da'stesı jinishke uzın boladı. Basqa tarlı a'sbaplarda a'detde metal perdeler bolsa, duwtarda da'stesıne oralg'an 15 ke jaqın jipek perde boladı. Zamanago'y duwtarlardın' perdelerı ayrım gezlerde ag'ash ya'ki su'yekten sog'ıladı.
Duwtar da'stesı su'yek, sa'dep benen bezeledı. Duwtar tarları aldınları ishekten, keyin jipekten tayarlanatug'ın edı. Zamanago'y duwtar tarları neylonnan qılınadı.

Shertıw usılları

Duwtardı tu'rlı jollar menen shertıw mu'mkin. Jekke shertıw, qos shertıw, piripirek, rez uqsag'an usıllar menen shalınadı.

Siltemeler

  • Dutor, Graham Flett (inglisshe)
 
 

Thursday, October 8, 2015

Traditional Karakalpak Music

 Karakalpak musicTraditional Karakalpak music is multifaceted narration of poems and epics to the sound of traditional string bow instruments the qobuz (qobiz) and the duwtar (Dutar) and is closely connected with the oral folk tales and epics of their nomadic past.  It is transmitted by two key figures of this culture: the jiraw and baqsi both are poets, stortytellers and musicians at the same time. There traditional songs are divided into ritual kosiks: lullabies, funeral, wailing songs, wedding (synsu, bet ashar, korimlik). There's are also many love-lyric and historical songs in the national repertoire

The jiraw is a bard who specialises in heroic epics. He depicts in his singing, the courage and strength of heroes involved in titanic combats.
His narrative unfolds using a guttural tone and a deep voice reminiscent of the sound of his two-string fiddle, the qobiz. This instrument has a unique structure with two thick strings made from horse hair. The voice and the fiddle of the jiraw, as well as the content and values revealed in the epics  make an inimitable sound recreating the wild steepe of Central Asia.

As for the baqsi, there music stems from a rather different style. They sings epic poems, which instead celebrate courtly love, in a narrative style that describes the quest for love, either by an individual or a couple. The baqsi accompanies himself with a two-string lute, the duwtar (Dutar), while singing in a natural voice.
 
Jiraw (Throat singing) gained wide popularity from the end of the 18th century, when much of the most important Karakalpak literature and music was composed.

Such famous Karakalpak poets-musicians as Djien-zhirau (1730-1784), Kunkhodzhi (1799-1880) lived and worked during this period. They accompanied their stories with penetrating music trill, which gave a tragic, inimitable twist to their unique poems and epics. The Karakalpaks during most of the 18th -19th centuries were fighting for their independence from both the Kazakh and Khiva Khans. In this period the great tragedy unfolded as the Kazakh Khan Abulkhair pushed the Karakalpaks from the mid Syr Darya in the direction of Tashkent and Khorezm. A witness of these forced migrations, Jien-zhirau wrote the poem "The wandering nation", which reflected the darkest page of the history of the Karakalpak people.
The most famous exponent of baqsi during the 19th century was the national poet Ajiniyaz. His most famous works include "Buzatau", which tells of the Karakalpaks’ piligrimage and "Dzhigits" or in english "Other" which reflected his patriotic, humanistic and philosophical views.
 

Karakalpak musicAnother great Karakalpak baqsi was Berdymurad Kargabay ogly (known as Berdakh) who is justly considered to be a founder of the Karakalpak literature and was a noted baqsi singer much loved in his era. Berdakh regarded Navoi, Fuzuli, Kunkhodzhi as his teachers. His creativity began with the reading of verses to the tune of dombra, when he was 18 years old. Throughout his life he composed poems and runes on on mainly patriotic and historical themes.